Kidney disease affects about 10% of the global population. The kidneys, although small, perform many essential functions for the body. They filter waste from the blood, release hormones that regulate blood pressure, balance fluids, and are responsible for other critical processes. There are many factors that can damage the kidneys.
Diabetes and hypertension are the main culprits of kidney disease. Other contributing factors include obesity, medication use, smoking, genetics, age, and more. High blood sugar and hypertension can gradually damage blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to function properly. When kidneys do not work effectively, the body cannot eliminate waste, toxins, and food waste, leading to waste buildup in the blood.
People with kidney disease need to choose appropriate foods.
Diet and Kidney Disease
Dietary restrictions can vary from person to person, depending on the stage of kidney damage. The lifestyle, living conditions, and eating habits of the individual also play a role in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD can be classified into five stages based on kidney function.
For example, a person with early-stage kidney disease (Stage 1, GFR > 90 mL/min) has different dietary needs compared to someone in Stage 5, or end-stage kidney disease (GFR < 15 mL/min). Therefore, individuals with kidney disease should follow the guidance of healthcare professionals or dietitians who are knowledgeable about kidney health.
Individuals with advanced kidney disease should select foods that help reduce waste levels in the blood. The following foods can support kidney function and help prevent further damage.
While dietary restrictions may differ, it is generally advised that everyone with kidney disease limit the following nutrients:
- Sodium: Sodium is a main component of table salt and is found in many foods. Impaired kidneys may not filter excess sodium, leading to elevated blood sodium levels and potential health risks. It is recommended to limit sodium intake to less than 2,000 mg per day.
- Potassium: Potassium is important for various bodily functions, but individuals with kidney disease need to limit their intake to avoid dangerous blood potassium levels. A daily intake of less than 2,000 mg of potassium is advised.
- Phosphorus: When kidneys are damaged, they cannot adequately remove excess phosphorus from food, which can harm the body. It is recommended to limit phosphorus intake to 800 to 1,000 mg per day.
- Protein: Individuals with kidney disease may need to limit protein intake as their kidneys may not be able to eliminate all waste products from protein metabolism. Those on kidney medication can consume protein as directed by their healthcare provider.
